Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is a major Hindu festival celebrated as the “festival of lights.” It symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, with lamps, candles, and fireworks illuminating homes and public spaces across India and the world.
Key facts
- Main religion: Hinduism (also observed by Jains, Sikhs, and some Buddhists)
- Typical duration: 5 days
- Key day: Falls on the new moon (Amavasya) of the Hindu month Kartika (October–November)
- Major deities honored: Lakshmi, Ganesha, Rama, and Krishna
- Common customs: Lighting diyas, rangoli art, feasting, exchanging gifts
Origins and significance
The festival’s roots lie in diverse regional legends. In North India, it marks the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana, as told in the Ramayana. In South India, it celebrates Krishna’s victory over Narakasura, while in Western India it honors the goddess Lakshmi and the start of a new financial year.
Rituals and celebrations
Celebrations begin with cleaning and decorating homes to welcome Lakshmi, goddess of wealth. Diyas (oil lamps) and candles line windows and courtyards, symbolizing dispelled ignorance. Families perform pujas (ritual prayers), share sweets, don new clothes, and enjoy fireworks displays that create a festive atmosphere across towns and cities.
Cultural and global impact
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Diwali transcends religious boundaries, celebrated by millions worldwide in countries with large Indian communities. It fosters unity and joy, similar in spirit to Christmas or Lunar New Year. Many governments and landmarks across the globe now recognize Diwali with public observances and light displays, highlighting its universal message of hope and renewal.